Wenceslas Square

Václavské náměstí (Wenceslas Square) is the main square of the Czech Republic and is more like a boulevard instead of a typical plaza. It's named after Saint Wenceslas, the patron saint of the Czechs, whose statue can be found dominating the square's upper section. Formerly called the "Horse Market" as it was commissioned in the Middle Ages by Bohemian King Charles IV as a public place for selling horses, Wenceslas Square is the location of many significant public gatherings and protests in the history of the country, including the foundation of Czechoslovakia in 1918 and the 1989 Velvet Revolution.

As the public centre of historical resistance and revolution, Wenceslas Square often draws crowds of public outcry and civil disobedience. One of the most significant events in the square is the self-immolation of Jan Palach in 1969, in protest of the Russian invasion in 1968 and the subsequent suppression of Prague's Spring reforms.

While it's tempting to get caught up in the bustling atmosphere and the array of shops and restaurants, remember that this boulevard has been the stage for some of the most pivotal moments in Czech history. Imagine the crowds gathered here during the proclamations of independence and the Velvet Revolution. Look up at the National Museum and the statue of St. Wenceslas, symbols of Czech identity. By appreciating this historical context, your visit will be much richer and more meaningful than just a shopping trip.

Let's explore some of the architectural gems around Wenceslas Square. Take a stroll down the square to admire the artistic styles of the buildings here, from Neo-Renaissance to Art Nouveau and Socialist Realism.

Starting at the very top you have the magnificent National Museum. This giant at the top of the square is an architectural highlight in itself. This historic building is known for its Neo-Renaissance style. Its grand facade, adorned with statues and intricate details, speaks to the importance of national heritage.

Further down on the left side, nestled between Štěpánská and Vodičkova Streets, you'll find the significant Lucerna Palace. This architectural and cultural landmark was built by architect and construction entrepreneur Václav Havel, who was the grandfather of later president Václav Havel. Lucerna houses a grand hall, cinema, and theater, and don't miss the intriguing upside-down statue of St. Wenceslas within. Its Art Nouveau arcade is also well worth a wander.

Now, crossing over to the right side as we continue down the square, you'll soon encounter the splendid Grand Hotel Europa, recently renovated and rebranded as W Prague. This Art Nouveau building boasts an intricate stucco façade, decorative balconies, and an overall elegance that transports you back to the charm of the early 1900s.

Continuing down the left side, at the corner of Vodičkova Street, stands the beautiful Wiehl House, a prime example of Czech Neo-Renaissance architecture. Its sgraffito decorations, depicting historical and allegorical scenes, are particularly noteworthy.

A slight detour just off the square on Jindřišská 14, consider visiting the Main Post Office. Housed in a striking Neo-Renaissance building, it's more than just a place to send postcards. Step inside to discover a glazed courtyard adorned with beautiful murals depicting the fascinating history of postal services in Bohemia.

Further down on the bottom right corner sits the Koruna Palace, another Art Nouveau gem. Easily recognizable by its ornate detailing and the golden crown ("koruna" meaning crown in Czech) atop its corner tower, it's a prime example of early 20th-century elegance.

Looking opposite, on the left corner of the square, the Lindt House stands out with its more modern constructivist design. As an early example of this style, you'll notice the clean lines, geometric shapes, and focus on its commercial function in its facade.

Finally, for a slight detour just off the square, walk through the passage towards the corner of Jungmann Square and Boulevard Národní to admire the grand Adria Palace. This building showcases a unique architectural style called Rondocubism, characterized by its rounded arches, cylindrical forms, and the incorporation of folk art-inspired decorative elements.

💡 Top Tip 💡

For a unique way to experience Wenceslas Square and some of its landmarks, explore the hidden passageways and courtyards that branch off from the main boulevard. Many of the grand buildings lining the square have interconnected inner courtyards and arcades that offer a different perspective and often reveal charming cafes, independent shops, and interesting architectural details you might miss from the main thoroughfare. This way, you'll get a glimpse into the layers of Prague's history and the everyday life that exists just behind the grand facades of Wenceslas Square.

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